【新唐人2012年10月26日讯】最近有美国媒体发表文章，对中国两国的大学教育进行比较，并质问：“中国大学能打败美国大学吗？”本台记者就此话题采访了专家学者，对中美大学教育的最大不同点和未来发展趋势进行分析，下面请看报导。
美国《华尔街日报》中文网的这篇文章谈到，中国大陆具有竞争激烈的全国统考制度，通过高考对学生进行选拔。而竞争之激烈、准备过程之艰苦、举国上下对考试结果之焦虑，无不让美国的大学本科入学考试（SAT）看起来如同儿戏。
但目前来看，美国的大学体制仍是远远领先。领先的原因也很明显：首先，美国用在教育上的花费最高，每年的教育开支达9,800亿美元，是中国的两倍。美国也是工程设计人才培养比例最高的国家，每一百万名居民中有981个工程专业毕业生，而中国只有553个。此外，美国大学在给学生提供就业准备方面也做得最好。美国81%的工程专业毕业生可以立刻胜任工作，而只有10%的中国毕业生能做到这一点。
北京宪政学者 陈永苗：“它（中国）的学生所受的教育，就是一个书本上的、很书呆子气的、基本上和社会上的东西是不能接轨的一种教育。在大学里学完了，基本上就是学了一套很空泛的东西，没有和实际结合的东西。”
北京宪政学者陈永苗谈到，中国的教育现状是由政治制度决定。相比之下，美国的大学教育则充满自由气息，大学教育和社会紧密联系，因此，学生毕业后就很容易融入社会工作之中。
《华尔街日报》的报导还提到，为了让北京大学等院校进入全球精英院校之列，大陆当局向这些院校每家提供了2.7亿美元的资金，给每位海外归国人员的红包高达15万美元。报导分析说，加大资金投入和学生学习刻苦，使中国有可能在未来对美国的教育领先地位进行挑战。
但陈永苗对此并不赞同，他表示，在目前体制之下，中国大学根本不可能超越美国大学。
陈永苗：“民国的自由造就了民国大学、像北大这样的非凡，能够为世界主流所承认。它并不是钱能够积累出来的。清华原来民国的校长（梅贻琦）说：大学是因为有大师，而不是因为有大楼。共产党这样子给钱，它只能塑造出大楼，没办法塑造出大师来。”
网友也评论指出：二十年前，国外就有文章，预测中国的学术要远超美国，因为他惊讶于中国学生的刻苦。但至今还没超过，而且差距越来越大。中国学生的刻苦是有目共睹的，但是刻苦不一定优秀，在错误的方向上再刻苦也是错误。
2009年，中国曾经仿效美国的“常春藤”盟校模式，创建包括北京大学在内的九校联盟，希望能吸引到最好的学生和教师。
对此，时政评论家伍凡认为，以前中国教育是向苏联学习，现在则完全倒向美国。但不管表面的课本或者教学形式和美国如何类似，中国教育因为受政治体制的影响，永远学不到美国教育的精髓。
时政评论家伍凡 ：“中国共产党要控制这个教育，表面上要向美国学，但是它里边要成立一个党委会，一切都由党委会来决定，由共产党来决定。各个学校、各个系，设有党支部。所以这一点就跟美国的完全自由开放的教育是不同的。”
伍凡谈到，共产党控制大学教育的目地，是要把大学生培养成中共政权的接班人，为中共统治服务。但现在越来越多的大学生、中学生认识到在中国大学里学不到真东西、还有党八股和中共狼奶教育，所以，纷纷前往美国求学。
采访/李韵 编辑/李谦 后制/王明宇
How Far Is China from American Education?
American media recently published an article to compare
Chinese and American education.
people questioning, “Will Chinese universities ever defeat
American universities?"
At our interview, scholars analyzed the differences
between Chinese and American education and their future developments.
This Wall Street Journal article mentioned that Mainland China
has a competitive national examination system to select students.
The intensity, competitiveness, and anxieties therein all
overshadow SAT, making the whole system look like children’s games.
America’s university system, however, is still far ahead.
The reasons are obvious: First, America has an annual budget
of $980 billion to spend on education, the highest among all the countries, and twice that of China.
America also has the highest proportion of engineer majors,
981 per million inhabitants, while that of China is only 553.
In addition, American universities do their best to provide
students with employment preparation.
81% of American engineering graduates can immediately
start work, while the number is just 10% in China.
Beijing constitutional scholar Chen Yongmiao:
“Chinese education is essentially bookish, isolated from social reality.
University education only provides students with a system
of empty things, difficult when applying them in the real world.”
Beijing constitutional scholar Chen Yongmiao said that
the status quo of China’s education is a result of China’s political system.
By contrast, American university education enjoys more freedom.
As education is closely related to society, students find it easy
to adapt to working life after graduation.
Wall Street Journal also mentions that Chinese authorities
grant Beijing University and some other universities $270 million each
to raise their education standard to an international level.
Some researchers returning from overseas can receive
up to $150,000.
The report says increased funding and competitive students
will eventually allow Chinese universities to challenge the leading position of American education.
Chen Yongmiao does not agree with this claim.
He says, under the current political system, it is impossible
for Chinese universities to catch up with American Universities.
Chen Yongmiao: “The freedom during the Republic of China
gave rise to widely recognized universities such as Beijing University.
This is not the influence made by money.
Former president of Tsinghua University Mei Yiqi once observed,
Universities are valued not because they have grand buildings,
but because they have intellectual masters.
With CCP’s investment, Chinese universities can only produce
buildings instead of masters.”
Some netizens also made comments: Twenty years ago,
overseas articles already foresaw how
China’s academics would exceed that of America,
because Chinese students studied extremely hard.
But China has not been able to make it,
falling even further behind.
Although well-know for their hard work, Chinese students
find it hard to stand out, since they are often following the wrong direction.
In 2009, China tried modeling itself after the U.S. Ivy
League schools,
trying to establish a union of nine schools,
including Beijing University.
They hoped such a union would attract
the best faculty and students.
Political critic Wu Fan comments, Chinese education used to
follow that of the Soviet Union, and now it is of the U.S.
However much the textbooks and teaching methods resemble
those of America,
Chinese education will never be able to learn the essence
of American education due to China’s political system.
Political critic Wu Fan: “CCP is still in control of
China’s education.
On the surface it claims to learn from the United States,
but in essence it establishes Party committees in the universities to control everything of the universities.
Party branches extend to all the departments and programs.
This is completely different from the free education in U.S.
Wu Fan says that CCP controls Chinese education so as to
turn students into successors of the Communist regime.
Now a growing number of college and high school students
realize that they can not really learn much knowledge in Chinese Universities,
and yet are constantly poisoned by CCP’s ideology. Therefore,
they flock to American soil to pursue further education.
